Military Spending Essay

Examine the extent to which cost on arms and the fortify forces is exclusivelyifiable in the modern populace.With completely its contends, terrorist attacks and genocides, history might suggest that the armed forces has a critical and positive graphic symbol in any nation-state. However, as Steven Pinker puts it We believe our universe is riddle with terror and war, but we may be living in the to the highest degree peaceable era in human existence. Since the peak of the frore war in the 1970s and 80s, organised conflicts of all kinds, such as civil wars, genocides, repression by autocratic governments, terrorist attacks, arouse lineaged throughout the serviceman and their last tolls have declined even more precipitously. Despite the trend of the New Peace, world armed forces cost in 2013 is estimated to have reach $1.747 trillion and 2012 power saw the highest total multitude spend than in any year since argona fight 2. Are these soldiers spendings a good retu rn on its national-security investment, for it is clearly an investment intended for peace and security. This essay aims to say that expenditure on arms and armed forces are justifiable in the modern world to a very small extent because it facilitates violence, results in power imbalance and its money can be put to weaken use.First, expenditure on arms and armed forces is not justifiable as such military spendings facilitate violence and thus violates human rights. Countries without military capability cannot easily contract wars of choice or wars whose usances evolve, as in Iraq, from dismantling wars of mass destruction to promoting democracy. The last five major wars that the fall in States undertook, namely Korea 1950, Vietnam 1955, Kuwait 1990, Afghanistan 2001 and Iraq 2003 were the ones in which the joined States attacked countries that had not directly attacked the united States. Furthermore, wars involving powers that have the military and economic capability allows f or such conflicts to exist for elongate periods of time. For example, four out of the five wars mentioned above are still unresolved.The unite States possession of military establishment that has a capability far beyond its ability to defend the homeland consequently gives it a capability to undertake wars of choice, to the extent that Vietnam and Iraq prove to be miscalculations and strategic blunders. In the UK, the Ministry of Defence redefines the purpose of the armed forces as meeting a wider range of expeditionary tasks, at greater range from the UK and with everincreasing strategic, operational and tactical tempo which could only conceivably be undertaken alongside the US. This means that their defence capability is now retained for the purpose of offence. Expenditure on arms and armed forces is hence not confirm on the grounds that they facilitate violence in the world as countries claim moral authority to launch attacks on another(prenominal) countries in the name of benign unconnected intervention.Second, the disproportional expenditure on arms and the armed forces is not justifiable because wars are no longer the biggest holy terror to a nation. A report published by the Oxford Research Group argues that modern defence policies are self-defeating. They concentrate on the wrong threats and respond to them in a manner which is more believably to exacerbate than to defuse them. The real repugns, it contends, are presented by climate change, contention over resources, the marginalisation of the poor and our accept military deployments. By displacing muckle from their homes and exacerbating food shortages, climate change will cause sociable breakdown and mass migration. Competition for resources means that the regions which possess them particularly the kernel East will remain the focus of conflict.As improved didactics is not matched by better prospects for many of the worlds poor, the resulting comprehend of marginalisation provides a more hospitable environment for insurrection. Aids leaves a generation of orphaned children vulnerable to recruitment by paramilitary groups and twist gangs. The war on terror has created the threats it was supposed to defeat, by driving people to avenge the civilians it has killed. By developing new weapons of mass destruction, the rich nations challenge others to try to match them. In 2012, the United States allocated 37% of its budget on military spendings but only 2% on diplomacy, development and warprevention. This is also more than spendings on healthcare and responses to poverty combined. The budget would precede far more to security if it was spent on energy efficiency, foreign aid and arms control.Furthermore, the danger and paradox of military spending is that the larger the budget, the more mesomorphic the lobby because which can fight for its own survival. This leads to freehanded budgetconstraints and poor control over spendings and programmes. In Saudi, the corr upt transaction that have been cultivated with the princes result in civil servants defending not the realm but the arms companies. Even in countries with reputable governments such as the UK, some abuses in military activities arise because Congress cannot perchance effectively oversee such a large operation where programs involving $24 billion are enacted as a single line item. Hence, military spendings intention of protecting the state may be compromised by other motivations.Last, the expenditure on arms and armed forces is not justifiable because the disproportionate distribution of military expenditure leads to an unjustifiable imbalance of power. In 2013, intimately four-fifths of all military expenditure was made by 15 states and just 2 states, the United States and China, made nearly half of all military expenditure. American primacy in the globular distribution of capabilities is one of the most dramatic features of the contemporary international system. Their expendit ures on arms is more than the next 14 countries combined together. This extraordinary imbalance leads to a unipolar world belike to be built around rules and institutions as desired by the United States.The extent to which the powerful countries can translate its formidable capabilities into meaningful governmental influence is debatable as the United States selective involvement in Vietnam or Iraq but lack thereof in Cambodia during the Khmer Rouge era seems to reflect that Americas foreign insurance policy , especially after2001, has been a reflection simply of the idiosyncratic and exciting strategies of the Bush administration itself rather than a manifestation of the deeper structural features of the global system of power. Hence, expenditure on arms and armed forces is justifiable to a small extent as it has allowed for the presence of many bullies on the world stage.However, expenditure on armed forces can also be justified as nations do have the sovereignty and right to protect their own nations. Ironically due to the current situation of massive military spendings, the world is still vulnerable to threats, especially from terrorism, in the modern century. The drastic growing in United States military spending in the last decade can also be justified by the September 11 terrorist attacks. Hence, it is in the nations interests to be as prepared as they possibly can. Since the beginning of civilisations, violence has had an unmistakable role in societies and there is little evidence to indicate its extinction in the near future. Some argue that it is human nature to challenge, oppose and expand.Furthermore, mistakes in history such as when Neville Chamberlain wanted to cut Defence spending in Britain and appease Hitler to achieve peace in our time have resulted in world leaders who are well guarded against make the same mistakes. Military capability is also an important source of authenticity for governments. For countries like the United States, t heir formidable military capability is also a source of national identity and pride. From yet another perspective, it is also the tariff of governments to deliver and ensure that the security of its people is ensured within its means as stated in Rousseaus social contract. Under these arguments, the expenditure on arms and armed forces still seem to have a justifiable place in a countrys budget.Yet, it is important to reenforcement in mind that there are means other than a larger military force to ensure these security needs are met. Despite the initial failures of League of Nations, defence treaties such as NATO founded in 1949are encouraging initiatives that have successfully lessend military spendings. The makeup constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to vernacular defence in response to an attack by any outside party. Such institutions allow smaller nations to rely on the more powerful ones so that their budget can be more efficiently al located to name their economies and such is the case in countries like Hungary, Poland and Ukraine.History shows that countries can reduce spendings quickly if they so desire. In the United states, military spendings declined by 74 percent in the first year after World War II and 23 percent in the first two historic period after the Korean War ended. Todays slow decline in spending on obsolete systems arises not because of the increasing threat of war but because there are weak budgetary and nearly non-existent political pressures on military spendings. Given that expenditures on arms and armed forces facilitate violence, leads to inefficient allocation of budgets and global power imbalances, it is justified to a very small extent.

Creation Myth Compare and Contrast

Usu twainy, beingness myths have a lot of similarities and seem to convey the same message. A intro myth is a symbolic narrative of how the world began and how citizenry first came to inhabit it. There atomic number 18 m any different creation myths that have been passed down from generation to generation and in Enuma Elish Osiris, Isis and Horus and propagation you are adapted to see just how similar they are, only if also flimsy different. One of the first things you will nonice in these myths is that they are all based on gods.Each myth has an flagitious entity that helps set the myth to insure a story on what happened and to get the message across. Each sinister entity plays a big part in the myth and eventidetually loses the involution to show that good al modalitys prevails.1. Osiris, Isis and Horus Set was the son of Geb and Nut who chose to be natural on the third day. Set was aggressive from the very first gear choosing the time and manner of his birth. Os iris became king of Upper and Lower Egypt. Set cute to take over the country and established a plan to mockery Osiris by showing a beautiful wooden boxwood during the feast.Set verbalize that anyone who abide fit in the box perfectly was able to salvage the box little did everyone know that Set secretly measured the box to fit Osiris. Once Osiris had his turn to fit in the box, it was nailed shut with him inside. They thence poured melted lead to make sure that he suffocated. Isis eventually was able to bring Osiris back to life and in the mean time their son, Horus, was born. Horus was born to avenge his fathers death and kill Set. Isis would not leave Horus to kill Set, so they appointmentd each other, and Horus won each time.2. Enuma Elish Tiamat was encouraged by her son Kingu to seek revenge her children to avenge the death of Apsu and for creating a four-fold wind that kept them awake and disturbed their bodies. Tiamat created monsters to help her win this battle aga inst the other gods, but they had something else in mind. They made Marduk fight the battle against Tiamat because the others were not strong enough and Marduk was the wisest and strongest of all of the gods. Marduk won the battle against Tiamat and killed her to make the arena and the earth from her body.3. Genesis The evil entity in Genesis is the serpent that convinces eventide to eat the apple off of the tree of wisdom. God specifically told raptus and eventide not to eat this fruit as it was forbidden. Eve gave in and ate the fruit and then had Adam do the same. Because of the serpent, Adam and Eve ate the fruit and they were all punished and put out of the garden of Eden. As you can see, each myths evil entity addled their battle during the story. None of them achieved what they wanted to, which shows that good always overcomes evil, even though there are conflicts raised from it.Sometimes you have to fight for what you know is right, but eventually, the good always shin es. Enuma Elish and Genesis are nigh similar in a few different ways. With these myths, you are really able to fork that most creation myths are a foundation on the way different cultures are made up. Some of the similarities between Enuma Elish and Genesis are1. Both myths imply that there was nothing in the outset. In Genesis it states, In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.Now the earth was formless and empty, ugliness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. The myth of Enuma Elish starts by stating In the beginning, only water and the mist that hovered above it existed. As you can see, both myths beginning started with nothing until the Gods created something.2. The Enuma Elish is recorded on seven tablets where as Genesis states that everything was created in seven days.3. In both myths, water is dissever into upper and lower waters.Both of these creation myths have a similar beginning as well as a similar pl ot they both created human life to worship God and the gods, to serve them. Both had an evil entity in them that tried to cause chaos to the gods. Although I do opine that all three myths are very similar, I believe that Enuma Elish is most different from Osiris, Isis and Horus. The difference between the two is shown when it comes to the creation of the world well-nigh them. The difference between the two myths is1. In Osiris, Isis and Horus doesnt mention anything nigh the creation of the heavens, earth, etc.in the beginning.The myth starts out with the parents of Osiris and Isis and the story of how Nut was not allowed to give birth in any month of any year.2. The beginning of the the Enuma Elish starts out with what all existed and how the waters were cling between gods.Each myth has a lot of similarities as well as differences but they each tell a story on how things were created. any of the myths had gods that tried to do good for the other gods and had an evil entity try to limiting that. Each of the explained how good will always outweigh evil even though evil is always in the world.

Management Role

There ar several meanings and interpretations that are engaged in the playscript worry. Also, the usances and work that are associated in this position in like manner defends on the experience of that take upicular person about the term. It abide be said that approximately plenty view caution as the position in which you can get the things make through other people. Still, on that point are about views regarding the role of management in an placement that can be considered instead apart from the traditional view of management roles such as to deliver employees in localise to maximize their ability for the betterment of the memorial t satisfactoryt and as well to help employees to be productive members of the community.However, for roughly employees it can be said that the term management refers to the group of people with the function to thread decisions about the fundamental law. The activities of the board as well as program and/or executive directors are a lso referred to as management. In Joes issue, he had misconceptions of the responsibility that had been put into his shoulders by the judgment of conviction that he was appointed passenger car for the Best Made Mfg.Thus, Joe was placed back into his previous position, in the turnout line after merely 3 weeks. Joe anticipate to do the equivalent kind of work, only lighter than before after being placed into a forward-looking position. In can be seen in this case that the roles and responsibilities of being a motorbus is quite divergent from being in the production line. Being a part of the production line heart and soul working side-be-side with the people on the said workplace. It message that you are presum equal to(p) to do what most people do. Thus, being a omnibus is a totally different scenario. In order to better see the differences, let us look closely to the part and role of the management in the progress and development of the corporation.In the traditional i nterpretation, management is referred to as the activities of groups of people in which their important responsibility involves planning, organizing, leading and as well as controlling/coordinating. In order to have a better propose of the role of management, let us look closely at to each hotshot of the four functions mentioned above.Planning involves the identification of goals, objectives and methods that the company intends to do and achieve. The resources that will be used in the companies operation is also part of planning as well as to identify the responsibilities of personnels and the completion regard of a certain working class. There are many kinds of planning of which strategic, line of products, project, staffing and as well as advertising and promotions planning are admitd.A nonher responsibility of the management is to organize the resources of the company in order to achieve the goals of the company in the most advantageous manner. It may include the organiza tion of new departments, offices, file systems, human resources and as well as the reorganization of the business and others.Another consideration and responsibility that is in the hands of the management is to go the persons that are part of the company. leadership is an important consideration in order to motivate the employees. Thus, to roofy the direction that must taken by the individualist employees is an important factor in order to maximize the potential of the company. Leading not just involves striving to achieve the goal of the company only to influence the employees to the same thing as well.Controlling/Coordinating is also an important task of the management. It involves the processes, systems and structures of the organization in order to afford the organizations goals and objectives in the most efficacious and efficient manner. This may include the monitoring and adjustments of the systems and other structures of the company as well as the solicitation of feed backs. The performance management process, financial controls together with the policies and structures are some of the examples.Thus, the task of those in the production line and management involves two different tasks. The main distinction is that those in the production line are guided by the management but does not have the authority to realise decisions. This is the argumentation of the management along with all the other responsibilities and task mentioned above. Being part of the management and of the production line are two different tasks that involves different approach. To treat them as having the same function and responsibility will for certain cause you some trouble just like Joes case. theatrical roleDavidmann, M. (1998). routine of managers under Different Style of Management. Retrieved declination 12, 2007 from http//www.solhaam.org/articles/clm2su.htmlHeathfield, S. (2007). When Management Systems Fail. Retrieved December 12, 2007 fromhttp//humanresources.about .com/od/motivationsuccess/a/manage_systems.htmMcNamara, C. (2007). BasicsDefinitions (and Misconceptions) About Management.Retrieved December 12, 2007 from http//www.managementhelp.org/mgmnt/defntion.htmManagement RoleThe manager and leaders are different notions yet they are linked in the fact that both fulfil a variety of roles in an organization. It is this variety of roles that makes their tune so challenging and diverse. People entering these positions should raise themselves to balance many tasks and issues at a time, trying to demote a good balance between all of them. This week we will sign on on the role of the manager as specified in the management roles and styles.Professionals discussing this issue find a classification advanced by H. Mintzberg in truth helpful. This classification includes ten most common roles fulfilled by the manager three interpersonal roles (figurehead, leader, and liaison), three informational roles (monitor, disseminator, and spokesman), and four decisional roles (entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator) (Gottschalk, n.d.). Minzberg notes that these roles are fulfilled by all managers irrespective of their position in an organization and corresponding functions. However, in his opinion, differences do exist in the importance and parturiency dedicated to each managerial role based on job content, different skill levels, and expertise (Gottschalk, n.d.).The consideration of managerial roles has important implications for an organization regardless of its sphere of activity. For example, the organization opting for the matrix management will slip in multiple lines of authority, reflecting the multiple functions expected of a flexible workforce (Li et al., 2003, p. 192). This means that managers in such an organization should possess a variety of skills that make them better prepared to handle each specific situation.In my view, the most important role in Minzbergs matrix is that of a leader . As stated above, management and leadership are not equivalent. Kelly (n.d.) points out that Managers maintain, make out and follow policies set by others leaders by example buzz off others to follow, they set goals and often are the catalysts for change. However, it seems that the conflict between management and leadership is overemphasized in literature. When a person leads, the managerial role offers gage and framework for this activity.On the other hand, if the manager is not a leader, there are relatively few directions to force people to do things. One is to demand obedience through discipline, but this is hardly a viable way to inspire people to great deeds. lead skills are multiple here belong communicative skills, the gift to speak so as to impress the audience, a fine fellowship of psychology, and ability to set clear goals.The manager should be a skilful resource allocator, as Minzberg mentions, since resources of the organization depend on good management. Effecti ve distribution of resources is a great help to an organization in achieving its goals. A manager is expected to provide guidance on this procedure and handle the task on ones own. Doing this can require considerable hard skills, including experience of mathematically-based resource allocation models. Surely, the degree to which a manager is going to indispensability these skills will vary proportionately to the managers involvement in resource allocation. In many cases, a good working knowledge of the computer is essential since resource allocation can be done with the help of software such as MS Project.One role that Minzberg does not cover explicitly but the one that is nevertheless very important is that of a mentor. A manager is there to help employees reach their full potential and is thence obliged to pay attention to their skills and expertise. He or she should make bringing out inborn skills and developing pallid areas a priority in ones work. To make this happen, the m anager should develop in the first place communication skills. To be a mentor, one needs to establish good relations with the person and find out what this individuals interests are. Rapport with subordinates is essential for this role, and teaching skills are essential.Another role that can be added to Minzbergs classification is that of a delegator. A manager should possess ability to delegate that forms the basis for effective work of a unit. It is in no case possible to do everything on ones own. Therefore, the manager needs to be able to find niches for certain people and find out in what way they can deliver value to an organization. This takes substantial knowledge of the nature of business, as well as the ablity to assess adequately the abilities of a concrete person.A manager should also be a good innovator. Since this role requires creativity, not everyone can fulfil it adequately. However, it is imperative that a manager be able to invent new solutions. In the course of m anagerial activities, novel and quaint situations are frequent. To these situations, a manager cannot always find trite solutions and therefore has to come up with something new.Thus, a manager is expected to fulfil a variety of roles. The ability to find balance between all of them is possibly the most important ability and role in an organization. The manager should dress as a balancer integrating all parts of the identification or project into a coherent whole. This role is perhaps plane more important than all the rest. However, its fulfilment requires adequate position in all the other roles.The manager will inevitably succeed in some roles and struggle with others. Thus, someone who is a skilful spokesman can be a much worse resource allocator another one who is a good entrepreneur is a poor disturbance handler. This is wherefore it is necessary to keep reviewing ones management style from time to time, identifying more and less successful roles and improving those that need strengthening.ReferencesGottschalk, P. The Chief culture Officer A Study of Managerial Roles in Norway. Retrieved August 19, 2006Kelly, R.R. Leadership/Management. Retrieved August 19, 2006Li, R.R. et al. Shifting matrix management a model for multi-agent cooperation. technology Applications of Artificial Intelligence 16, pp. 191-201. Retrieved August 19, 2006, from http//iet.open.ac.uk/pp/m.j.weller/pub/

Charlie’s Wedding, A Play in One Act Essay

Gertie, a black charwo reality, dressed-up in neat black satin, stands at the window, her back to the audience. She may be polishing the frosting or she may be eves-dropping on the two fashionably dressed white ladies, Mona and Sheila, who sit on a divan directly tardily her, facing the audience. Mona What on earth did he say hence, Sheila? Sheila, (smiling coyly) He express he deficiencys to embrace me, of course, silly. Mona But he squeeze issuet do that bed he? I mean(a pause) strong you hit the sack what I mean. Men similar him Sheila Thats retri exceptive the point workforce c atomic number 18 himthey mountain do whatever they wish.Mona Well, Im just now reflectionthey fagt buy a cow when the milk is so cheap. Sheila Well, he might buy the cow that gives milk as well-be excited as this mavin does. Mona feigns embarrass custodyt, her custody going to her face as she buries her show in her hands for a moment. Gertie moves to the right and supposes at p ictures in frames on the mantle of the fire roll, now obviously take in heeding, cocking her head to hear better. Mona Girl, you eat up no shame. (Giggles) But you atomic number 18 ab away to graduate from here eachway. You slangt shoot to marry, you dont have to do any issue exactly use up your bags and run, girl. Sheila But I might just c only for to pay married.Isnt it what every young lady is re atomic number 18d to do? arent we born and bred to be the wives and ornaments of powerful men? Isnt it my duty as a woman? Isnt it my c in solelying? My raison detre? (Misprounounces the in classifyigences) Mona If its what you want, then by wholly means you should do it. Be my guest. I pass on dance at your hook up with with a cow-bell on. But its non going to be to that two-timing Charlie OBrian, I surely do hope, child. Gertie moves until she is standing at the side of Sheila, picks up a small bowl from the end hold over and is wiping it slowly. Sheila Well how d ejection you be so presumptuous?I mean, what do you turn back about it anyway? And why do you say he is a two-timer? If you know about gossip that I dont then you ar bound by your duty as a woman to tell me. Gertie regularises down the bowl and speaks Yes, command Mona, do tell all you know about this two-timing Charlie OBrian. Do you have some reason to suspect he may not be as morally upright and Christianified as he purports to be? Is he, perhapsaman of low degree? The three women fraudulence and Gertie takes a seat in the chair, in profile to the audience, putting her feet up on a ottoman and fanning herself from her labor.Gertie Let me tell you about men all men. They are idiotsall idiots, and Charlie OBrian is their Lizard King. They are all just commodious sons. They neer grow up and they never judge with the head they have on their shoulders. I know you mint speculate which head it is that they do think with, without me having to say. But they control the money and governing and they control the laws and we have to work well-nigh them to get what we want. Now, as for this Charlie OBrian, he has proposed to half the women in this sorority and that is a natural fact. He got big drunk last Christmas and asked me to run off with him.I told him that for twenty dollars I would run into the pantry with him for a spell, but that is all of the running I meant to do. Child, no man is ever faithful to no woman and I ordain tell you how you erect be sure of what a man is up to. If you think he is faithful to you then he is virtually desirely deceiver on you. But if you think he is cheating on you, then he is positively cheating on you. And you can take that to the bank, honey. Sheila We all know how men are. But Charlie is different. He retires me. He in truth does Gertie Sugar, last year he loved Abbie, and the year earlier that he loved Sara Lynn.He loves a lot of ladies. And lots of ladies love him. But aint none of them ever got a statio n on his lil narrow behind. Mona laughs Gertie, you are such a romantic soul. But you are wrong about Charlie boy. He loves a lot of women but he dont love any of them. We all know about commercial affection. Thats why in that location are riotous houses and sporting ladies who can be found in them, and men know all them and they go sow their wild oats and then pray for a crop failure. Charlie OBrian haunts sporting houses. He is a sporting man. He is going to leave you crying.Sheila looks at Mona, irritated Well Miss Know It All, that just proves my point, because men dont marry sporting ladies do they? They marry good girls, from good families. They marry ladies of wit, fostering and sagacity. They go sow those wild oats but then when nesting time comes around they look for a woman who is better than any sporting lady. They look for someone who can entertain for them, can give them sons and can obtain their home for them. I dont care where my man gets his kicks so long as he kicks his boots off at home with me. I am a pragmatic person. I understand the ways of the world.I did not just fall of no turnip truck, and remember it or not, I did not come to this town riding two to the mule. Mona looks at Gertie who shrugs her shoulders, then speaks Honey, you are missing one very important point. You are too good for Charlie OBrian. He is beneath you and thats a fact. You leave never be happy with someone like him. He is leafy vegetable as dirt. He is in the trades. He will maintain you filled up with a belly-full of children and leave you barefoot and pregnant. He is not good enough for you. Get him out of your pretty little repeal head. Now, permits discuss this party, we have to finish these plans.We are really getting nobble of time now. Christmas will be here before you know it and we cant wait til the very last minute. Gertie stands and picks up her dust framework and moves behind the divan, facing the audience, looking down at the other two girls This party is going to be such a bore. Boy girl, boy girl, boy girlso boring. We should invite some transvestites and some of them house what you call hermaphrodites of both sexes and allow everyone try to guess who is who and who has what and just look how that messes up the seating arrangements. (Laughs) Mona That would substantiate it a party to remember.Do you know any real transvestites? Oh, Im sure you do. You are so worldly, Gertie. (Mona and Sheila laugh) Sheila Well, Im more interested in making spousal relationship plans than Christmas party plans. I want the hymeneals to be here. Right in this room. Weve all have had so much childs play here, and there are so many good memories associated with this room. Yes, Ive made my mentality up. I want to come down those stairs (points off stage, left) and I want all my friends to be here and imagine me on the happiest day of my life. Gertie Girl, you are serious? You utter yes to Charlie OBrian?Sheila nods and speaks I t old him last nighttime. He said he wants to marry me on New Years Eve. I told him I was going to go away for the holidays but he asked me to hang on in town. Its official. I told him I will marry him on New Years Eve, just like he wants me to. Mona Sheila, please, listen to me. Charlie OBrian is no good. I would never say a word to harm you but I cant sit here and watch you just dash headlong off of no cliff. He is not the man you think he is. He is not a good person. He is a liar and a spurt and he will end up dead or in prison and he will drag you down with him.You are too attractive a person to make such a terrible match. You just cant let yourself sink to his level. Sheila Mona, please. Why are you doing this? What have I ever done to you that you would disrespect me so much? Charlie is the solely man who has ever treated me with any of the common courtesies. He doesnt paw me, or try to kiss me when we are alone. He behaves like the perfect gentleman. Gertie puts down her d ust cloth and moves back to her chair, She pulls it closer to the divan and sits down, leaning forward conspiratorially Sheila, child, I may be out of place to say this, but Mona is right.That Charlie OBrian is bad news. Dont you know he got into a fight with a man over a card game? In a public place? He is one step from disaster all the time. He is a common ruffian when he is drunk and he is drunk most all of the times. He cant be trusted any advertize than you could toss a bull by the tail. He is a soda pops boy and wont ever be zipper that his daddy dont let him be. Hasnt your schooling here taught you any amour? It seems at least you would have learned to read men. Child, Im saying this for your own good, Mona is right, you cant marry that Charlie fellow. He is not good enough for you.I beg of you to reconsider your answer and tell that Mister OBrian that you have reconsidered and you find that you cannot start out his wife. Sheila buries her face in her hands sobbing Mona l eans forward to comfort her, but Gertie gestures for her to stop Gertie Child, I am sorry that I have made you feel bad but the simple fact is that you have to recognize that what Mona and I are say you is for your own good and it is the gospel truth. Sheila stands I dont want to hear anymore of this. I dont know how you experience that Charlie is not good enough for me. He has a good stead in his fathers business and he can take care of me.I know that its not considered proper but he and I have discussed finances. I have agreed to put my trust money into a business proposal which he has become interested in. He is sure it will put us on easy street and I swear in him and I believe in his ideas. His father will finance half of it and I am going to put in the balance. But most importantly, ladies, he loves me passionately. We have spoken of our future together and we have decided to marry right away without any long engagements. You ladies know I was orphaned and this sorority i s what I envision as my family. Its the only family I have ever really had.You are all as close to me as blood sisters could be and I do appreciate you trying to look out for my best interest. But you just dont know Charlie OBrian like I know him. He wants me for the rest of his life and I want him the same. Sheila walks slowly out of the room, stage left Gertie, to Mona, in a velvety voice What are we to do? Mona What can we do? Gertie Has she lost her mind or is she just yanking our chain? I swear I cant get a fix on what she is thinking. But Im prone to think she is believes this. That he is going to marry her. My paragon, this will destroy her if that is the representative. Can we get Miss Edith to ban him?Keep him out of here? Mona Miss Edith? Ban a paying customer? Are you a crack ho? Gimme a taste of what you is using. I dont want no whole one just gimme a lil taste, girl. Gertie laughs, then speaks If he came in here and present her upif he broke her ribs, Miss Edith w ould ban him. Why let him break her heart? Mona How long has she been here? Seriously? How can she believe anything a john tells her? She has served her indentures and is going to leave inside of six months with a nice patch up of change. Hasnt she learned anything? This has to be some grade of elaborate joke, dont you think? You know how she has always been.How she calls us her sistershow she call the house a sorority. She isnt serious, and she isnt putting on airs. It is just her way of coping with being a prostitute. But, lordy, what if she is smitten? What if she has move for the no good scalawag? Gertie You want to know what Charlie OBrian has in mind for a business deal? He wants to buy this house. Do you think he plans to get some funds out of her by saying he will marry her? Maybe we should tell Miss Edith all about this plan. Mona No, I just had an inspiration. Why dont we go the other way? Why not talk it up. Go overboard, all out in favor of it?Make it a intimacy of p ublic record? Announce the engagement. Announce a big wedding right here on Christmas Eve? Let young Mister OBrian put up or shut up? We just gamble we accept it as a done deal. We just go on with the wedding plans. Gertie giggles at the thought, then speaks No WaitWe are goin to be all decorated up for Christmas. We get Miss Edith to announce the threatening wedding when Charlie gets a few under his belt this coming Saturday night? We tell Miss Edith its just all a big joke on Charlie. We get the piano player to play Here Comes the Bride and let Sheila come down them stairs right there in a white gown.Charlie is all hat and no cattle but we can fix that. I know how. It looks like a win-win situation for us. He either backs out, and looks like a liar and a fool, or he goes ahead and marries a lady of the evening, which will cause his daddy to abbreviate his manhood off so he cant reproduce. (laughs) It would be so appropriate to have him look like a bluffer or a fool in front of all his peers. We can get Parson Maybury to hang around just in grimace we need a few appropriate wordsin case Charlie is drunk enough to do it. Oh my god, what I wouldnt give to see him wake up the next morning married to Sheila.Mona Miss Edith would never let us jack with a customer like that. Gertie not if she thinks were serious. But so long as we put it to her as an elaborate joke done in good honest fun It will be perfect for the holidays. We can convince her its entertainment and will bring in some new customers just to watch Charlie OBrian marry a working girl. Arnie Harris works at City Hall. He will get me a blank marriage license if I ask him sweetly. We have good ol Harry on the piano. Todd Baker can take the wedding photos. Most of the men in this town loathe the OBrians and would enjoy a good laugh at Charlies expense.You know, probably fifty per cent of the men in this town have gone up those stairs right there at some time in their life. (points) Then there is fort y per cent of the men in this town who wish they could. Which leaves us with about ten pct who would like to take care of the 40 per cent who cant make it, but thats another story, but about xcv per cent of them do not like the OBrians. Mona Oh my god, girl, that would be the funniest thing I ever saw, to have spoilt, rich, pampered goodie two-shoes Charlie OBrian married in the living room of the finest House in all of New Orleans.And see the pictures spread all over the Sunday Times- Picayunein the society section. We can make up a guest list. Include the governors name. Oh my godgirl, youre a genius. (laughs). We dont have to say they came, just say they was invited. Every man in town who is not an true(a) customer is fair game. Miss Edith would have our heads for revealing the names of real(a) customers but there aint no accessible tabu against revealing names of customers of the competition is there? Gertie No, I would reckon they are fair game. Mona We got to let Cloonie in on this.He can get some of the guys to go along with this. Bring in some tuxedos for the wedding party, for the pictures. Get a pen and paper, Gertie, we got to make a list of everything we need. I want it to be just perfect for Mister Charlie OBrians wedding. What do you call them little fancy flowers men wear in their add hole? Well, we even want to get some of them. Oh yes, we have to do this up right. Charlies momma may want to send these pictures out to all the relatives who couldnt actually make it to her sons social event of the season, a whore-house wedding.Gertis Ill check to make sure, but Beaulah usually keeps some of that laudanum on hand for her croupe. If she is out she can get Doc Baines to send over a fresh bottle. Charlie will go to ordering his fancy little stemware glasses full of brandy and benedictinehe thinks thats so poshthen he slips into that god-awful fake English accent and goes to calling himself Mister B and B. That sweet mess has such an odor about it that I could pour in a cupful of creosote and he wouldnt ever come close to taste the difference.He sure wont notice no spatter of laudanum poured in. After a couple of shots of that stuff he will be cocked and primed. He will do what ever he is told to do, and make a face while he is doing it. Mona You know, there arent many of our customers who are disliked enough for us to pull this off on them. But Charlie OBrian is pretty much universally thought to be a piece of human detritus. Everyone thinks he is a smarmy low life. This is perfect. Gertie well, not only perfect. We still arent sure where Sheila fits into all of this. What she is really thinking.Does she believe Charlie or is she just blowing smoke up our dresses to pass a cold wintertime day? Mona Wellwhat difference is it? If she wants to marry him, she is going to end up married, with a ring and a license and she legally owns half his attribute as well. If she doesnt, then we tell her its just all one big practi cal joke and we laugh about it. Gertie and Mona stand, Gertie speaks Thats the thing I miss most about being in the sporting life. I miss the weddings. This is going to be some good fun. (Both women go away the stage, loudly humming The Wedding March)

Walgreens structure

Walgreen has faced over the past cardinal long time are changing their brand and the process needed to stain that change. We squeeze out see that Walgreen has made some favorable decisions over the years . This is evident by the fact that there are still galore(postnominal) Walgreen stores across the country and they are continuing to soma new ones any year. If we take a look into how they made such crucial decisions we will become them using good decision qualification techniques such as predeterminations evidence, and good ageing fashioned Intuition.The first element we can find within Walgreen decision making process Is rainstorm. We can see that in the lead changing the brand from old to new the mangers In the higher ranks of the potty all got together and started throwing bring out Ideas. They did some research and based upon fact they made educated guesses on what may work and what probably would non work. The managers of Walgreen TLD a fantastic Job with their research and brainstorming. Walgreen wanted to stand out among their competition so In order to do that they had to know what the rivalry was doing.It seemed the competitor was not much unlike from Walgreen. This is where we see the brainstorming real become effective. The managers began to come up with ideas on how to produce the stores an experience quite of just a cash and carry drugstore. They really used the tools of good decision making to begin the process of changing the brand for good. consequence we can look at the congregation of evidence. Walgreen knew if they were to be different accordingly they had to study their competition. The head honchos did their homework well.They gathered information from research and surveys and listened to the customer needs. They not only listened they immovable to take a chance and build their new brand on the customer experience. Now we prevail seen a company go from a rational model of decision making and step into the new age . They admitted that old manager models were out dated and they were pitch to step into a fresh new approach. It is interesting that we see them top dog into a very modern direction but using old fashioned decision making techniques to arrive there.Walgreen management team took their chew over seriously by making sure they followed through with pouring over statistics and studying successful companies with different brands than their own to see what was giving them the success. They decided that it Just had to be the customer service levels and the approach. Surprisingly enough we can also see the big bosses at Walgreen using their Intuition to make the final decision on whether to change the brand or not. They are customers at other places and they take their family and friends out to play out and do different things.When out and about they kept track of what phone linees were full and why. If they went out to eat and there was a two hour wait they would stipend ending atten tion to why. This process gave them the Intuition, or experience to know what or how a person wants to be treated when they are spending their money with a company. They brought their Intuition to the drawing room and along with good brainstorming and gathering of evidence, the management staff of Walgreen was able to make a good business decision.We sometimes see ethics compromised when decisions are made and Walgreen is not a when they admittedly failed to control the sales of controlled substances in a few of its pharmacies. The set up of this could have ruined the company but lucky for them they were able to pay a hefty fine and shut the door on what could have been an ethical disaster for them. It seems the Federal government agreed to dismiss the salve when the fines were paid.

Autobiography Undral Batsukh

My name is Undral Batsukh. I was born in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Now Im living with my husband and my two children in Darkhan City, Mongolia. . When I was seven-years-old. I enrolled in the secondary school No. 81 in 1988. I successfully completed my secondary school majoring in the cordial science with the cross out A in 1998. After graduation, I entered The National Institute of Mongolia in 1998 under the selection for the students specializing on the Law. While I was studying in 4th grade, I did my first intership in Tugs uchrahui Co. ,ltd.I successfully gradatory and awarded /Diploma with Distinction/ degree of Bachelor of attorney. My GPA was /3. 13/, dissertation Public administration fairness /90 A/, civil law /90 A/. After graduation I became a dry land agent. I run lowed in the Police office of the Khan-uul district. From 2005 I worked as Expert of topical anesthetic statistical information. At this time I utilize up-to-date information technologies in our office ac tivity. Since May 2009 I fill been workings as an officer in charge of internal affairs in the governors plane section of the Darkhan City.While I was working I always tried to improve my skills. In particular, I?passed the juristic examination of the Ministry of Justice, then I got the official certification of the accepted Lawyer from this Ministry in 2005. In accordance to the Civil Service Law of the Mongolia I successfully passed the examination for the accepted state agent in 2006. In addition, now Im the leader of Governors Department Labor Union, head of Womens Federation of Darkhan urban center, the leader of the Sorority and member of the Mongolian Social Democrat Youth Organization.In last year 2009 Darkhan city Governor appreciated my achievement to promote Provinces social , economy and culture situation then awarded by the Certificate of merit. In 2009 authorities honored my efforts and awarded Honorary Certificate by Provincial Governors Office. I have been work ing 8 years in State Administrative system and 7 years of them worked in disposal organization. If someone asks me to describe myself in the three words Ill manage that I am independent, hardworking and cheerful. Because I have a dream. daydream to do some development for my City.Development to promote life of our local citizens. I always try to improve myself. I have fancy on many projects and I was doing statistical stuffs there. So that the things we learn on research methodology course is very close to me except it is in English. I will do my best to graduate from here successfully. I am interested in the projects involved to the prospering Small and mediocre Enterprises (SMEs) in Mongolia. The reason of my interest is involved to the objective of developing SMEs to start out down poverty & unemployment, and to improve the well-being of society and human beings.So that I would like to choose a topic related to the development of SMEs in Mongolia. After successful graduati on from Taiwan I want to come back to my country Darkhan city with qualified experience of management and to result for development of Mongolia as a part of integration of the world. Written by Undral Batsukh 01/04/2011 When I get back to my hometown Darkhan, I am going to work on the issues related to the development of Small and Medium Enterprises and also see the projects involved to the poverty reduction.

Critical Review †On Becoming a Leader by Warren Bennis Essay

E actuallywhere you trip is where the treasure lies. duration looking for a al-Quran for my class assignment I bumped into f businessening amount of them talking about loss attractionshiphip. Why in that location be so many? Why has lead received so much maintenance? Which one I produce to pick? Why we study leadership at all? Isnt it what coming with years of experience? approximately deal believe that a leader is an aggressive person who inspires others to course hard to accomplish important tasks. Then why those publications take a colossal part in the market of popular checks? Is leadership a employment uped behavior? On Becoming a attractor by Warren Bennis is the book I picked, intrigued by the front cover contract The Leadership Classic.Warren Benniss approach in this book backside be described as a leadership by looking around. He discusses the essence of leadership and how individuals be uprise leaders by examining numbers of successful leaders. Presence of these subjects is very helpful, because we can compound those leadership qualities into our own lives. In the very beginning of his book Bennis state leadership is like beauty its hard to define, just now you have it when you see it . This educational activity is reflective passim the book in those examples.In the introductions one written for the original publication and one a fewer years later Bennis states his premises about leadership. He believes that everyone has the capacity for leadership . Why he wants us, his postulateers, to be so confident? He ac receiveledges that there argon no rules and predictable patterns in leadership, but still encourages us to take risk, make mistakes, and distill ourselves to become a successful leader. He firmly believes leaders be do, not born . Learning and civiliseing abilities are more important that the ability one was born with.Those who took risk, made mistakes, and reflected to own failure understood, thus, chartere d from the experience, and become leaders. On Becoming a Leader is based on the assumption that leaders know who they are, what their strengths and weaknesses. Benniss position is that becoming a leader is synonymous with becoming yourself . The statement seems very simple, but it is difficult indeed. What he really means is that no one can teach how to become ourselves, how to take charges, how to fully-express ourselves. Leaders are those who were able to accomplish those tasks.In the first section of the book Bennis argues that a lack of leadership is one of the greatest dangers to society. He claims that America lost(p) its way We forgot what we were here for. Certainly, there are not enough leaders in organizations, but the ground isnt that rotten. The world changes drastically. Most of the CEOs in America do not know how to use computers. Does it make them bad leaders? We always need competent leaders of any types and levels. Benniss leaders are those who adapt changes. Ve ry critically Bennis claims that after humanness War II, America was chiefly notable for its bureaucrats and managers, its organization men, its wheeler-dealers who remade, and in some cases unmade, the institutions and organizations of America, in both the public and private sectors . By this statement, Bennis encourages us to secure the context , to take another look at what good leaders are.Bennis sets three reasons why he believes leaders are important. First, leaders are responsible for organizational trenchantness. Second, in the world of constant changes, leaders mustiness provide stability to an organization. Finally, leaders are the only ones to build wholeness and trust within an organization. Nevertheless leadership is a complex parade and roughly people fail to master the context. Bennis gives very interesting example of a leadership failure Ed he had fantastic worry skills, but never really understood what it takes to be an effective leader.Unfortunately, most of us tend to function on Eds level. He failed because he was not able to make people willing to dramatize him. Leaders like him lack most important qualities such passion, integrity, trust, curiosity, unfearing and guiding vision. Often, these qualities are subjected in stress, hard work, and adversity. Ed is a perfect image of a good manager, but not a leader. Bennis very clear define this difference The manager does things right the leader does the right thing.In the next section of On Becoming a Leader Bennis describes the necessity of self-knowledge for future tense leaders. Norman Lear, producer, screenwriter and director, is frequently referenced by Bennis. Using his character, Bennis contends that self-knowledge is scoop out achieved by the four lessons.1. you are your own beaver teacher2. accept responsibility3. you can learn anything you want to learn4. avowedly understanding comes from reflecting on your experienceExplore these lessons to become a successful leade r. Bennis besides discusses the problem of diminishing cultural awareness and how it holds arse the emergence of leadership. To become a true leader, one must know the world as well as know oneself. He explains the benefits of expanding the limits of our world by traveling to other countries and learning new cultures. We need to develop respect for diversity, and those who are inherently curious will become true leaders. Finally, Bennis talks about learning through adversity. What can be make better than to be able to transform the experience into wisdom? Some of the best learning and creative, innovative ideas come from having to work through crisis. The more obstacles and deterrents you come across, the more you learn and the better you evolve into a more effective leader. However, not all can survive from failure, and very often tangible boundaries stifle leadership capabilities.Furthermore, Bennis compare leadership skills with the acquisition of good people skills. He argue s that corking leaders are able to express rival and respect for fellows. It is not necessary to be a charismatic leader to inspire trust and loyalty in his/her followers. But how make person to trust you? How to convict someone that following is the best thing to do at the time? Bennis claims that all this can not be taught, but it can be learned. Human sensitivity, tact, compassion, and diplomacy would make one a good leader.More importantly, he supports it with examples of Barbara Corday and Herb Alpert , outstanding leaders pattern empathy when working with colleagues and other leaders. Regarding empathy, Bennis remarks Ive known leaders who have had none of it and nevertheless were leaders, but those who have had that quality have moved and divine me more .Leaders are the ones who support those whom they lead whether through the use of empathy or through other means. According to Bennis, only leaders who have these qualities can be expected to be Americas future leaders.F inally, while Bennis stresses that all human beings have the ability to lead, his choice of outstanding leaders is quite selective. Rather than selecting leaders from various industries and even countries, Bennis take aim high-ranking leaders in large corporate and governmental positions. Those are CEOs and presidents, lawyers, movie directors. It was hard to associate some fields such pleasure industry with traditional fields of leadership (i.e. military, sports). In his book, Bennis encourages us to travel, learn others cultures, but his list of outstanding leaders composed primarily of inborn born leaders from the United States . In addition, this endless list of characteristics and qualities presented throughout the book is absolutely overwhelming.Even though, I believe this book should be at the top of the reading list in any wicked study of leadership. The book is of value to a wide spectrum of people. Those who are currently at a leadership position will be excite to be better leaders. Those who are followers will gain a better understanding of how crucial is their own role, as well as better understanding of what their own leaders are facing. I personally started to think that I can be a better person, leader in my own life. It does motivate and help to evaluate ourselves. I also feel that I will come back to this book and read it again to discover entirely new insights. Perhaps the reason that this book is simple and so adaptable is authors belief that anyone can be a leader. Think about that its much easier to express yourself than to deny yourself. And of course, Benniss advice is well-taken we can all be leaders in whatever we do.

Dasdasdas

Smaato is the leading global mobile advertising replace and helps mobile app developers and p ublishers make more ad revenues worldwide. As an sedulousness pioneer and leader, Smaato provides Ads for Apps operating the innovative leading mobile advertising optimization curriculum called SOMA. SOMAs unique feature is the aggregation of 80+ leading ad networks globally to maximize mobile advertising revenues. more than than 70,000 app developers and publishers use Smaato to monetize their content in over 230 countries. The caller-up was founded in 2005 in USA, Smaatos global headquarter is in San Francisco.Eu ropean headquarter is in Hamburg in Germany and the APAC headquarter is in Singapore. Smaato is one of the AlwaysOn Global 250 winners in the Mobile category (2012 & 2011) and was named a company to watch in 2010? by Financial Analyst Company GP Bullhound. Currently we are looking for deep brown Developer (Hamburg, GERMANY) As a Java developer you will join a team of develo pers, where you will be taking part in designing, building, testing, and troubleshooting of the software platform SOMA . Currently our platform processes more than 1 billion inbound ad-requests per day.Each incoming request generates six-fold outbound requests to Smaatos partners. SKILLS ? Attention to detail ? Knowledge of relevant procedures and tools ? Teamwork, initiative, flexibility and cargo ? Good knowledge of English ? Motivation to develop themselves personally and professionally ? Desire to work in a fast growing environment ? German language skills are nice to have QUALIFICATIONS ? Minimum learning Bachelors Degree ? Minimum Field of Expertise Information technology ? Evaluated get word in Java development ? Preferred Experience 3 old age Do you find this challenge attractive? Please send your CV on emailprotected eu

Course Notes on Principles of Management

The Global environment In the past, managers fill viewed the global domain as closed. Each country or market was assumed to be isolated from others. Firms did non consider global competition, exports. Todays environs is precise different. Managers need to view it as an open market. Organizations buy and swop around the world. Managers need to learn to compete globally. Tariff Barriers A tariff is a barriers to trade. Tariffs be taxes levied upon imports. These seek to protect jobs in the shoes country. new(prenominal) countries usually retaliate.Free trade in a guiltless trade agreement, each country seeks to specialize in things they make most efficaciously. If India is more than efficient in making textiles, and the USA in making computer software, thus each country should focus on these. Distance & polish Barriers The min leading ca wont of trade barriers. Distance closed the markets as far as some managers were concerned. Communications could be difficult. Lang uages and cultures were different. During the last 50 years, communications and transportation technology has dramatically improved.Jet aircraft, fiber optics, satellites down provided fast, secure communications and transportation. These have also decreased cultural differences. Effects on Managers Declining barriers have opened great opportunities for managers. Managers can non only sell goods and serve but also buy resources and components globally. Managers now face a more dynamic and exciting job out-of-pocket to global competition. Free interchange NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement. Abolishes most tariffs on goods traded between Mexico, Canada and the U. S. Allows unrestricted cross-border flows of resources.Many U. S. firms have now invested in Mexico. This is a manufacturing opportunity. Wage be are lower in Mexico. Can serve Mexico with a found in Mexico and reduce freight. Managers face new opportunities and threats. Global Task Environment Suppliers & Dist ributors Managers buy products from global suppliers or make items abroad and supply themselves. separate is to keep quality high and costs low. Global outsourcing firms buy inputs from passim the world. GM might build engines in Mexico, transmissions in Korea, and seats in the U. S. Finished goods be let global products.Distributors each country often has a unique system of distribution. Managers must identify all the issues. Customers & Competitors Formerly obvious national markets are merging into a huge global market. accredited for both consumer and furrow goods. Creates large opportunities. Still, managers often must customize products to fail the culture. McDonalds sells a local soft drink in Brazil. Global competitors evince new threats. Increases competition abroad as well as at home. Forces in the Global General Environment Political-Legal ForcesResults from diverse and changing disposition of each countries political system. Representative democracies such as the U. S. , Britain, Canada. Citizens elect leaders who make decisions for electorate. Usually has a number of safeguards such as liberty of expression, a fair court system, regular elections, and limited terms for officials. sanitary defined legal system and economic freedom. Totalitarian regimes a wiz political party or person monopolize world power in a country. Typically do not recognize or leave opposition. Most safeguards found in a democracy do not exist.Examples include Iran, Iraq, and China. These are difficult to do business with given the deprivation of economic freedom. Further, human rights issues also cause managers to avoid dealing with these countries. sparing Systems Free market economy production of goods and services is in insular ownership. Production is dictated by supply and demand. Command economy decisions on what to produce, how much, done by the government. Most command economies are moving outside(a) from the command economy. Mixed economy certain econ omic sectors controlled by unavowed business, others are government controlled.Many mixed countries are moving toward a free enterprise system. Recent Trends Current shift away from totalitarian dictators toward pop regimes. Very dramatic example seen in the collapse of the former Soviet Republic. Also very pronounced in Latin America and Africa. With this shift, has come a strong movement toward free market systems. This provides great opportunities to business managers on a global level. Many businesses are investing millions in former totalitarian countries to seize these opportunities. Changing Political and Economic Forces sociocultural ForcesNational culture includes the value, norms, knowledge, beliefs, and other practices that unite a country. Values abstract ideas or so what a nightspot believes to be good, desirable and beautiful. Provides attitudes for democracy, truth, appropriate roles for men, and women. Usually not static but very slow to change. Norms social rule s prescribing behavior in a given situation. Folkways routine social conventions including dress codes and manners. Mores Norms that are primeval to functioning of society. much more significant that folkways. More examples include theft, adultery, and are often enacted into law.Norms vary from country to country. Hofstedes Model of National Culture Individualism v. Collectivism Individualism world view that values individualistic freedom and self-expression. Usually has a strong belief in individualised rights and need to be judged by achievements. Collectivism world view that values the group over the individual. Widespread in Communism. Prevalent in lacquer as well. Managers must understand how their workers relate to this issue. Power Distance A societys acceptance of differences in the well being of citizens due to differences in heritage, and physical and intellectual capabilities.In high power outstrip societies, the prisonbreak between rich and poor gets very wide. In low power distance societies, any gap between rich and poor is reduced by taxation and welfare programs. Most western cultures (U. S. , Germany, United Kingdom) have relatively low power distance and high individualism. Many economically poor countries such as Panama, Malaysia have high power distance and low individualism. Achievement vs Nurture Achievement oriented societies value assertiveness, performance, success. The society is results-oriented. Nurturing-oriented value quality of life, personal relationships, service.The U. S. and Japan are achievement-oriented while Sweden, Denmark are more nurturing-oriented. Uncertainty Avoidance Societies and people differ on their willingness to output on risk. Low uncertainty avoidance (U. S. , Hong Kong), value diversity, and tolerate differences. substantiate a wide range of opinions and beliefs. High uncertainty avoidance (Japan and France) are more rigid and do not tolerate people playacting differently. High conformity to norms is expected. Long Term Outlook Long-term view is based on values of saving, and persistence.Taiwan and Hong Kong are cultures that are long -term in outlook. Short-term outlook seeks the maintenance of personal stability or gladness right now. France and the U. S. are examples of this approach. international working out Importing and Exporting the least complex method of expansion. Exporting firm makes products and sells abroad. Importing firm sells products make abroad. Licensing firm allows extraneous organization to make and distribute goods for a fee. Helps the home firm since it does not have to set up a commit production and distribution network.Franchising company sells a foreign organization the rights to use brand name and know-how in return for payment and profit percentage. International Options Strategic Alliances managers pool resources with a foreign firm and both organizations contend the rewards and risks. Allows firm to maintain control which is a problem with exporting, licensing, and franchising. Wholly-owned foreign marcher firm invests in production operations in a foreign country. Many Japanese auto firms have done this in the U. S. This is very expensive but can yield high returns. International Expansion

Hp & Disney Alliance

Strategic Analysis on HP-Disney Alliance Introduction On October 9th 2003, Walt Disney caller-out, an international entertainment and media enterprise, and global applied science provider Hewlett-Packard (HP) declared a ten- grade strategic alinement for the purpose of ontogeny innovative technologies and promoting Disney consumers experiences. The arrangement was achieved by jointly disclosing legation Space ride, which had been collaboratively knowing and haveed by HP and Disney employees for several years, reported by commercial enterprise Wire (9 October, 2003). Mission Space was located in Walt Disney populace regress at Epcot base lay, Florida, including the following activities Space Pavilion, Space Attraction, Space locomote Training Lab and Space Cargo Bay. It was highly praised by Fiorina, and so chief executive at HP, that the cooperation was based on both logical argument expansion and technology knowledge when HP wanted to recover from the line downturn a nd improve its human beings image (Takahashi, 2003). Meanwhile, by using HP devices and technologies, Mission Space ride provided Disney consumers with weightless simulations and consumers would feel like travel in space (Takahashi, 2003).Company Profile Hewlett-Packard Company Hewlett-Packard, established in 1939 by Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard from Stanford University, was initially to produce an electronic instrument called audio oscillator. The Walt Disney studio was HPs first client who bought eight oscillators to create the impression Fantasia. It was HP and Disneys first cooperation (Hewlett-Packard Company, 2012). HP, headquartered in California, is virtuoso of the worlds largest technology companies that provide software, services and technology products to its customers.During the economic recession in the early 2000s, numerous companies reported losses and it was essential for HP to explore opportunities to sustain its discipline technology advantages (Chen et al. 2011). The Walt Disney Company Walt Disney and Roy Disney founded Disney Brothers Studio in 1923 in California for cartoon production. In 1971, the first Disney World opened in Florida and several years later, theme parks and Disney MGM studio were set up subsequently. Then in 1986, the firms name was changed to The Walt Disney Company (The Walt Disney Company, 2012).Now it is a worldwide entertainment and media company by operating in cinque sectors theme parks and resorts, consumer products, media ne iirks, interactive media and studio entertainment. In the early 2000s, Disney expanded its business around the world by building theme parks, collaborating with Eastman Kodak, Bank One and Visa to attract more than than consumers. Consequently the ten-year federation with HP was arranged for both technology and entertainment development (The Walt Disney Company, 2012).Alliance shape When Disney animation engineers first came up with the simulation of space travel Mission Space ride, they realized it was crucial to find a partner that could utterly combine the classic Disney adventures with the technology of aerospace simulation (Disney + HP, n. d. ). HP past became Disneys partner because it delivered a wide range of supports from Disneys visual result to animation tasks. Then a contractual adhesiveness among HP and Disney was formed.HP first offered infrastructure to deliver digital equipment, then it manufactured devices and hardware that serving Disneys consumers (Fried and Spooner, 2003). Not only did HP highlight Walt Disney in its $300 million advertisements, it also launched sweepstakes to push Mission Space into public (Camp, 2004). In return, what HP benefited was that it could acquire consumers data for move on developments and promotions. Even though the potential benefits for HP was hard to estimate, HP was still quite genial with the volume of visitors (Camp, 2004).Above all, the value creation logic for this adhesiveness can be ca tegorized as co-specialization. Both parities in the HP and Disney bond paper were charge on their advantages. Disney initiated the thoughts and ideas for the projects because they knew what they would be doing and how they could achieve it. On the other hand, HP provided Disney with instruction technology support and technological products that help to build up the projects. as down the stairs from the in the flesh(predicate) computers, web servers, relevant software nd 13,000 printers offered by HP, it cooperated with Disney to develop Ears to the world, which was a handset for non-English speaking consumers (Banke, 2003). As pointed out by Carly Fiorina, HP CEO, every process is being digitized right now, every physiological analogue process will become a digital one every last one, and the alliance will focus on the fictive process and content delivery (Sutton, 2003). It is obvious that all HP and Disney coveted for the alliance is the combination of traditional Disney elements and new information technology.Alliance Management HP and Disney started their relationship 73 years ago when Disney purchased oscillators for the movie Fantasia in 1939. Clarke and columnist (2003) believed that now it was the power behind Disney that made HP offer 13,000 printers, 10,000 servers and 70,000 personal computers to Disney. They also estimated that of the USD 100 million cost on Mission Space, HP will pay almost USD 50 million according to its 10 year contract. So in the alliance each party negotiated to founder equally on capital.Reported by parentage Wire (11 September, 2007), Michael Mendenhall, who had been working in Disney as an executive for past 17 years, was employed as higher-ranking vice president chief marketing officer by HP. From then on, Michael would be in charge of HPs marketing operations as well as operations for Walt Disney Parks and Resorts. Therefore, the relationship between the devil companies would be closer than ever as Michael w as experienced in both industries, and the continuing cooperation of Innoventions fantasy nucleotide proved that the alliance was under well management (China Business Newsweekly, 11, February 2008).Alliance Performance As referred in The Walt Disney Company Annual Report 2004 (2004), the revenues in parks and resorts segment for the fiscal year was USD 7,750 million. It increased by 21% compared with year 2003. The report stated that the Walt Disney World Resort drove USD 609 million of the total increase, which was attributed to high theme park attendance, reflecting the continued success of Mission Space as well as the success of the alliance (Appendix 1). Meanwhile, Hewlett-Packard Company Annual Report 2005 (2005) also eported a total net revenue increase in 2004, from USD 58,799 million in 2003 to USD 64,046 million (Appendix 2). Therefore, from financial perspective, both companies were successful during the following one to two years after they formed the alliance. From ob jective and perceptual aspects, the HP and Disney alliance was also successful. When Mission Space ride first opened, the continuing promo attracted more than 1. 1 million tourists and the ride still drawing more and more customers every year (Camp, 2004).HPs Karen Jones believed that the alliance was the greatest combination to two famous brands and it success was because of the effort and time that HP and Disney had put into (Camp, 2004). Al Weiss, president of Walt Disney World Resort, praised the cooperation and approved that HP was the perfect partner to turn in Disneys ideas and thoughts into reality (Banke, 2003). Evaluation of the Alliance Personally I believed the alliance was a breakthrough for both companies, especially when the US economy was slimy recession in the early 2000s.The alliance started with a good function because HP and Disney knew what contribution each party could bring. In co-specialization, the alliance electron orbit was well controlled and conflict s were reduced because each company shared their values and information on what they did best, thus increasing productivity and reducing research and development costs. Since HP and Disney had previous co-working experience (Hewlett-Packard Company, 2012), it would be easier for them to managing the alliance. By allying with each other, HP and Disney created a win win situation.HP gave Disney the chance to realize its space travelling simulation and reinforced Disney being the world leading enterprise in the entertainment and media industry. On the other hand, Disney helped to strengthen HPs calculate in the technology industry. Disney developed easier accesses to its consumers and HP obtained numerous consumer data for further promotions. In addition, they both benefited from the growth of revenues and market share. Above all, it can be concluded that the alliance is aligned with its performance. Future for the Alliance The future for the alliance is bright and of huge potential. Followed by the appointment of Michael by HP in 2007, HP and Disney were cooperating on more and more technological entertaining facilities thereafter. contempt of Mission Space ride commenced in 2003, the alliance was focusing on new technology products in recent years, such as Innoventions Dream Home. In 2008, The Disneyland Resort reached another agreement with HP, Microsoft and Taylor Morrison for the framework of Innoventions Dream Home (Major Integrators teammate with Disney, 2008). This project aimed to introduce new concepts of home by mixing technology elements into it.Innoventions Dream Home attempted to create a high- tech, high-touch experience for its guests and illustrate how technology was involved in peoples life. The continuing alliance allowed HP to provide its newest products and software to Disney (Major Integrators Partner with Disney, 2008). As recommended by Ed Grier, president of Disneyland Resort, he believed that it was an inspiring alliance that brought Disneys imaginations and HPs technology together again (China Business Newsweekly, 11, February 2008). Reference List Banke, J. 003, TalkDisney, Florida, viewed 14 October 2012, Camp, S. 2004, Marketing Mission By HP and Disney, Brandweek, vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 29, viewed 14 October 2012, ProQuest Central. Chen, C. , Lim, J. and Stratopoulos, T. 2011, IT Capability and a Firms major power to Recover from Losses Evidence from the Economic Downturn of the Early 2000s, ledger of Information Systems, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 117-144, viewed 11 October 2012, ProQuest Central.Clark, S. and Columnist, S. 2003, HEWLETT-PACKARD ON BOARD AS helper OF EPCOT RIDE FINAL EDITION, Orlando Sentinel, 10 October, pp. C1, viewed 17 October 2012, ProQuest Central. Disneyland Resort Disneyland Resort Reaches Agreement with Microsoft, HP, feel/ware and Taylor Morrison on Innoventions Dream Home, 2008, China Business Newsweekly, 11 February, pp. 191, viewed 18 October 2012, ProQuest Central, ISSN 1945-5984 . Disney + HP, n. d. , HP Solutions, California, viewed 14 October 2012, http//welcome. hp. com/country/us/en/monosodium glutamate/corp/htmldisney. html Fried,

Is Striving to Achieve a Goal Always the Best Course of Action?

TopicIs striving to achieve a goal always the trump out course of action, or should heap give up if they atomic number 18 not ma world power progress? We are blase about the mentality people hold toward success, especially in this modern society, that dont waste time on something any more if you codnt achieved accomplishment. While, I still cannot help provided conceive despite my own cynicism that persistence is the panacea to reach the goal.When it comes to the clash in the midst of insistence and relinquishment, a well-known saying originates from the British dramatist, William Shakespeare, appears before my eyes, that isDo not, for one repulse, give up the purpose that you resolved to effect. Nowhere has the importation of determinedness been so vividly and accurately expressed as by scalawag Welch and the King s Speech. I cannot imagine the GE without dump Welch, but I am sure that if he left GE at that time, we allow for lose the most revered CEO. Welch joined Gener al galvanizing in 1960. At setoff, he worked as a junior engineer, at a salary of $10,500 annually.Welch was displeased with the $1,000 raise he was offered after his first year, as well as the strict bureaucracy within GE. However, Reuben Gutoff, a young executive two levels higher than Welch, persuaded Welch and tried to convince him to stay. after(prenominal) deliberation, he gave up the idea of resigning and resolved the thought to change the bureaucracy. If he resigned at that time, he would not have such success in the future. After some(prenominal) years hard-working, Welch level(p)tually took his oath of CEO and brought GE ushering in a prosperous era. During his office, Welch took many measures to reform the corporation system.For example, he shuted down factories, reduced payrolls and cut lack-luster old-line units. Whats more, Welch fired the bottom 10% of his managers resolutely. Because of his actions, many staff rejected him and a man who was fired by him even tri ed to kill him. Confronting these frustrations, he neer thought about withdrawing, but executed his regulations more unswerving. I wonder if he gave up his ideas on the button due to so many toughies, GE might not have such achievements. Jack Welch attained his goals by his firm actions and the spirit of never saying die.Bernard Shaw said that Success covers a multitude of blunders. Obviously, successful peoples accomplishments are based on the experience of failure. Jack Welch tells us like that, and the King s story also corroborate this truth. The Kings Speech, just like its title, describes a king who overcomes the impedance of stammer and eventually composes the symbol of resisting spirit of Britain during the World war Two depends on his inspiring speech. At first, because of his stammer, George VI doesnt want to exact the oath, but after a series of accidents, he is forced to become the king.Fortunately, Geroge VI encounters the language impedance therapist Lionel, who helps him cures his stutter. During the treatment, Geroge VI gives up for so many times, but by virtue of his wifes encouragement and Lionels genuine, he conquers his difficult and achieves following attainments. If he surrenders to the illness, maybe today we just know that in that location is a stammer king in the history of Britain, but not a great king. All in all, resoluteness is not unaccompanied a sort of attitude toward failure, but also a aboriginal element of success which we cannot never ignore just like Jack Welch and Geroge VI.

An Overview of Project Finance and Infrastructure

In the United States s alone, firms quintetteanced d S 19 one million million o of capital expo punctures using fancy finance loans and bonds in n 2009, down n from $39 jillion in 2008 and $47 trillion n in 2007. The he stinting crisis, which h began as a housing h crisis in the U. S. In n 2007 and SP bread globally y in 2008 and d 2009, froze g global capita al markets, cue retailed bank k lending, and d dramatically reduced p confinement finance lending. Of or this reason n, it makes horse sense to look k back at 2007, when thee credit mark sets were come on pen and liquid did, to understand the relative import once of project finance.In the U. S. , firm ms financed $447 billion of capital expense indentures using g project final once in 2007-?much less the Han the $1 , 1 266 billion corp. orate bond m market, the $9 44 billion MO Ortega-backed security market, the $8898 billion trampet-backed security market, and the $3 359 billion tax x-free municipal bond ma racket. Yet com marred to fin Nanning much humanism for peeled or start-u up companies, the $47 billion invested in project companies w was larger the Han the $46 b raised(a) d through initial public take awayerings (IPSO) and the $332 billion NV vested in new w firms by venture al funds. Private-sector firms have historically utilise project fin nuance for mind distrust projects such as m mines, pipelines, and oil fields. Begin inning in the early asses, h however, privy ate firms also began financing infrastructure projects such ass toll roads, violence plants, and telecoms immunization NSA systems. B More recently, in the 20 Coos, orphic firms have begun to fin nuance social infrastructure projects us such as shoo Owls, hospitals, and prisons.Studies on economic development take on d that infrastructure investment is associated with as much as one-for-one dower increases in g gross domestic product (G GAP), though gigahertz recent stud dies indicate that every dollar d of increase in frastructure spend ending generates an a Information on some e of these and other projects ca n be found in Benjamin C. Zesty, Modern Project Finance A C textbook (New Jersey Wiley, 200 04). B The infrastructure sector includes WA eater, transportation, electricity, n natural gas, and d telecommunications projects.In n these types of o projects the phthisisrs of the project or the buyers off the output or eservice are typically individuals rather than companies. Professor or Benjamin C. Est. y and Senior investigateer Aledo Asses off the Global Research Group prepared this note as the basis for class discussion. write get 2010, 2011 President and Fellow was of Harvard College. To order copies or request permanent wave session to reproduce materials, call 1-?800-5457685, write Harvard Busing news School write out hinge, Boston, MA 021 63, or go to www www. Hubs. Harvard. Deed/educators.The his publication may y not be digitized d, photocopied, or otherwise reproduce cued, post ed, or trans insisted, without the permission Of H Harvard Business S School. This document is authorized for use only by Bogie Ghana in Financial focus taught by Seward, at University of Wisconsin Madison from January 201 5 to July 2015. 210-061 An Overview of Project Finance and fundament Finance-? 2009 update increase of $1. 59 in GAP. Country-specific studies of development find that short(p) infrastructure severely hinders economic offshoot.For example, insufficient or irregular power supply reduces GAP by 1% to 2% in India, Pakistan, Colombia, and Uganda. 3 Despite the growing demand and opportunities for private-sector involvement in building infrastructure, private firms still provide only a small fraction of the join amount invested, which is a small fraction of the total project demand. Indeed, many governments have announced multimillion-dollar stimulus packages with a heavy emphasis on infrastructure spending as a way to stimulate growth during the current lobar rec ession.

Human Resource Management Overview Essay

IntroductionMost go through their solar sidereal day to day actions giving no thought to all of the deal that ar nooky the scenes making everything that they do go smoothly. From making important course calls on your cell phone while traveling, to getting your lunch in a timely fashion so that you can get back to persist. Without homophile detonating device none of this would be possible, these businesses ar nothing more than a bunch of empty construction once the human bully is upstage from them. IT is the job of the Human imaginativeness Management (HRM) to make sure that at that place are qualified people filling all of these positions to make business flow as smoothly as possible every day and to make your experience the lift out that it can be. The following paper allow address what Human Resource management is as considerably(p) as what the prime plump of this department is. Lastly it will address the procedure that HRM plays in an organizations strategic c ast.What is Human Resource Management?Human Resource Management is a function of a assemblage of a group of people or a department that has the primary tasks of recruiting, homework, and compensating employees, as well as ensuring that all rules and regulations are followed and that all of the tasks being completed are in line with the organizational goals. This is accomplished through the six middle functions of HR which are Workforce Management, Total Rewards, Risk Management, HR Development, Employee Relations, and strategical Management (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2013). The hands management function of HRM is primarily concerned with workforce planning and employment strategies. This includes determining what skills are necessary to complete the jobs, recruiting andselecting the best possible people to fill the position, and maintaining the records of each employee as well as those that endure been terminated. The total rewards function of HRM is the function that deals with all chances of employee compensation, from salaries to benefit packages and everything in amidst.Receiving ones paycheck, a raise, bonus, or enrolling in medical or dental reportage that you are eligible for are all things that are taken manage of through the total rewards function of HRM. The primary job of those who work in the risk management function of HR is to identify either effort related risks to the employees and the organization, and then to assess, manage and monitor these risks. This is not only particular to safety issues but also includes improper or inadequate training and failure to comply with legal regulations regarding labor laws. The employee relations function of HR deals with just that, Employee relations.It is their job to try and build and maintain positive relationships mingled with the employers, mangers and employees. They are also the ones that will be contacted when there is a strife that needs resolved or workplace policies or procedures need to be implemented or changed. Lastly the strategic management function of HR is a combination of all of the other core functions as they have been listed above. The strategic management function is primarily concerned with ensuring that all other aspects of HRM interact effectively throughout the organization and all contribute to the goals or support of others in reaching the goals of the organization.What is the primary function of HRM?The primary function of HRM can become quite foggy at times. You see the primary of function of HRM will vary depending upon which area of HR you are this instant dealing with. However, since it is impossible for a business to operate without human capital then clearly the primary function of HRM is to manage the human capital within an organization and provide a clear link between the goals of the organization and all whom work there (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2013). Mind you the HRM team is not the ones that are making the decisions they are merely making su ggestions and bringing brainstorm to those that do make the decisions for the organization that they work for.When the HR is performing well then it should be easy for the employees to see the link between what it is that they do and how it contributes to theachievement of the organizations goals. What is the role of HRM in an organizations strategic plan? The role of HRM in an organizations strategic plan is actually quite complex. HRMs role is to work with the decision makers in the organization and evaluate and give away and organizational dodging. This is in part accomplished through identifying, analyzing, and balancing of impertinent opportunities and threats with the internal strengths and weaknesses.By identifying external opportunities and threats they are then able to work closely with the decision makes to develop a clarified business strategy after which they will realign the HR functions and the key people practices so that they work best with the organizational str ategy. They will then create and necessitate competencies and behaviors to get everyone on the same page and realizing the strategy of the business and the results that are to be expected. Lastly they will re-evaluate the strategy and refine it where necessary to dish out the business stay aligned an on track to accomplish the goals that it has ensnare out to accomplish.ConclusionBusinesses would be nothing other than hollowed out building without the people that are involved in running them daily. Without the human aspect of a business then a business would not be. It is for this background and this reason alone that makes the HR department or team of any business to be that of a highly valued one, because without the proper people in the proper places, with the proper vision and goals, any organization is freeing to fail. HRM makes it possible to accomplish all of these and do so consistently.ReferenceDeCenzo, D., & Robbins, S. (2013). rudiments of Human Resource Management (11th ed.). Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons.

Discussed from Paperco, Inc. Essay

This case study is discussed from Paperco, Inc. point of run into of whether they should avail the revenue revenue benefits and equal savings in replacing the mechanized drying equipment.RecommendationBased on the analysis below in this memo, Paperco should bribe bracing mechanically skillful drying equipment now in advance in foresight of the passage of naked as a jaybird taxation order. Purchasing the equipment now maintains a imperative Net Present Value for the outstanding assure if the lawmaking is not enacted, or if the recent legislation is enacted and the capital bug out is rationalizeed untimely overflowing so that it is grandfathered in. With tax legislation grandfathered, the wander gets the benefit of the immature lower corpo tread tax rate and the old ACRS dispraise method. Although when presented with this project one year ago in 1984, Paperco was able to be postponed this capital project since it was merely moderately attractive. The prospect of late tax legislation being enacted as ru mored makes the Net Present Value of the project comparatively more dogmatic if the tax practice of righteousness changes are enacted, so Paperco should act now before tax law changes make this project infeasible.BackgroundIn November 1985, Jane Rogers a marketing representative of Pressco, Inc. approached Paperco, Inc. to sell its mechanical drying equipment at a price of $2.9 million. This sweet equipment would replace less businesslike facilities that had been placed in service late in December 1979. consort to Roger, the total cost saving (exclusive of dispraise charges) from the proposed installation of clean equipment amounted to $560,000 per year. Of this amount, $360,000 in savings was expected to come from more efficient fuel utilization. peerless year earlier, Rogers had been unsuccessful in interesting Papercos management in barter for of new equipment. Paperco felt that the enthronization innew equipment as moderately a ttractive at that time. However, beginning 1986, new tax legislation had been rumored to (1) eliminate the enthronement tax credit for new equipment (2) extend wear and tear lives for new equipment, and (3) overthrow the corporate tax rate from 46% to 34%.Papercos senior management was concerned that the basic thrust in the firms sales of mechanical drying equipment. Papercos management all at once expressed significant interest in moving forward with the purchase of new equipment and seemed anxious to sign a restricting contract.Discussion and outlineWe need to analyze when is the best situation for Paperco, Inc. to replace the old facilities with new drying equipment that go out enable the Company to avail greater tax benefits and cost savings.There are three alternative courses of action operable to Paperco, Inc. to try whether to buy the new drying equipment or not.I. Buy the new equipment yet no legislation is enactedAdvantagesContinue to wasting disease a 5 years ACR S depreciation model with higher depreciation expense Efficiency in operations collectable to new equipmentDisadvantagesRetain all tax credit due to using 5 year ACRS depreciation model in equipment with effectual life of 7 years Tax rate continued at 46%II. Buy the new equipment when the new tax proposal is enacted and bind the contract soon enough to be grandfathered or before the principle of the law AdvantagesContinue to use a 5 years ACRS depreciation model with higher depreciation expense Efficiency in operations due to new equipmentInvestment tax credit that will reduce Papercos taxesTax rate reduced to 34% from 46%Disadvantages derogation life of the equipment will not be extendedIII. Buy the new equipment when the new proposed tax is enacted but do not bind the contract in time to be grandfathered or after the enactment of the law AdvantagesEfficiency in operations due to new equipmentTax rate reduced to 34% from 46%Depreciation life of the equipment will be extended by 2 yearsDisadvantagesMACRS depreciation model will generate lower depreciation expenses than the ACRS depreciation model No investment tax credit due to adhere the contract after the law was enacted picking I in which the rumored tax proposal is not enacted and that the new equipment replaces the old equipment in December 1986. Paperco would retain all tax credits due to the fact the machine has been in service for 84 months, and use a 5-year ACRS depreciation model for the new equipment. This option has a positive NPV of $2,619,745. cream II in which the new tax proposal is enacted. The new equipment is installed in December 1986. Paperco signs a binding contract soon enough to be grandfathered, this allows Paperco to receive the 8% tax credit and use ACRS depreciation. At the same time, their tax rate would fall to 34%. Paperco would benefit from this more favorable grandfathered tax approach. excerption II has a positive NPV of $3,414,104. Option III in which the new tax propos al is enacted and Paperco installs the new equipment in December 1986, but they do not sign a binding contract in time to be grandfathered and receive the 8% investment tax credit and use ACRS depreciation. The company will use MACRS and a depreciation period of 7 years. The NPV of the project with this timing and structure is $3,228,044. Without the grandfathered tax allowance, the new tax legislation makes the project unattractive based on lower Net Present Value.CalculationsRe-affirmationThere are three options available to Paperco, Inc. with respect to this capital investment Option I New legislation is passed and Paperco qualifies for grandfathering, Option II New legislation is passed and Paperco does not qualify for grandfathering, Option III Buy the new equipment when the new proposed tax is enacted but do not bind the contract in time to be grandfathered or after the enactment of the lawLast year (1984) investment in new drying equipment pursuant to Option I was not pursued in spite of its attractiveness as a possible capital project, perhaps because it was come-at-able that a better alternative might arise. However, given the impending tax legislation, the possible alternatives are now known, and they are not good. Under the new tax legislation without grandfathering, the project is not viable. Paperco should invest in the new equipment (with binding contract) because not doing so soon enough, the project will not a viable alternative, while investing in the equipment is a viable alternative (i.e., the Net Present Value of the project in Option II is higher than other alternatives).