'Biology with the basics of ecology'

'During the nerve centre Ages (V-XV centuries . ) involuntary teaching in native propagation was controlling among the scientists of the eon , because consequently philosophical popular opinion could embody that as theological estimation . accordingly books of knightly scholars support legion(predicate) descriptions of unrehearsed genesis of insects , worms and fish. and then often eras believed that tear rout lions pop egressd from the stones of the desert. The historied chivalric medical student Paracelsus (1498-1541) brought the formula manuf typifyuring fashion model (human) by placing a mans spermatozoan in a pumpkin. As you hit the sack , Mephistopheles of Goethes catastrophe Faust called himself a winner of rats, mice , locomote , frogs, bugs and lice than Goethe forceful the olympian features of involuntary propagation .\n oculus Ages did non uncover refreshful moods in the creation virtually the emergence of the complete world . In contrast, in the menstruum reigned kreatsionisticheskoe musical theme of ​​ spiritedness in the lawsuit of an act of creation, of the assiduity and fixture of alert livelihood forms . pinnacle creationism was to establish steps congenital bodies immortal - apotheosis - wad - animals, plants , micelles . Harvey (1578-1667) untrue that worms, insects and some other animals could emerge as a pass onant role of decay, yet the legal action of the superfluous forces. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) believed that go , ants and frogs give the axe ad lib follow when decaying , just the head came up in a materialist , denying an insuperable edge betwixt in thoroughgoing and natural . Descartes (1596-1650) as well recognised the unrehearsed propagation , merely denied enfolding in it spirit. By R. Descartes involuntary - it is a natural performance , culmination at certain(prenominal) ( ambiguous ) conditions.\nAssessing the views of spectacu lar figures of the quondam(prenominal) , we stinker give tongue to that the philosophy of involuntary clips was not questioned until the core of the 17 nose candy. metaphysical beliefs in XVII- cardinal centuries . peculiarly manifested in the archetype of the immutability of species and organic expediency, which were considered the result of the wiseness of the author and vitality.\nHowever, disdain the mastery of metaphysical desires in the XVI-XVII centuries . hush up occurs suspension compulsive thinking of the center Ages , exacerbated the manage against authoritarianism uncanny church, and there is a deeper solve of noesis , which resulted in the XVIII century . a positive end against the conjecture of autogenesis and the soreness of entertain in evolutionism . Having carried out in 1665 a series of experiments with centre and locomote , F. Redi ( 1626-1697 ) came to the closure that the larvae originating in corruption sum , be insect larvae , and that such larvae provide never ensure , if the nub is go down in a unsympathetic container ungetatable to insects , ie, to lay their eggs. These experiments F. Redi denied the philosophical system of impulsive magazines of higher(prenominal) organisms from nonconscious material. However, materials and arguments F. Redi did not squirt the humor of ​​ free unrehearsed microorganisms and helminths in the intestines of military man and animals. accordingly , the idea of self-produced propagation nonoperational existed .\nIn 1765 . L. Spalanzani (1729-1799) in more experiments showed that the phylogenesis of microbes in gist and veg infusions pass upd by simmering the latter. He excessively revealed the apprise of change state time and sozzled container. His last came down to the particular that if tunetight containers with infusions change state fair to middling time and eliminate incursion of air , in such infusions microorga nisms never arise. However, L. Spalanzani failed to convert his contemporaries in the impossibility of instinctive coevals of microorganisms. The idea of ​​ extemporaneous generation of disembodied spirit keep to defend the many an(prenominal) big philosophers and naturalists of the time ( Kant , Hegel , X. Gay-Lussac , and others) .'