Corrections and Prisons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Corrections and Prisons - sample ExampleThe court establishment in the United States is divided into the federal governments and the state governments which are administratively different from for each integrity other (Miller & Gaines, 2012). The courts act independent of the legislature and the executive it is a semiautonomous branch of the government. The federal court system vests power on one Supreme Court and all the other courts persist inferior to the Supreme Court. Federal courts are divided into three levels the federal district courts, the courts of appeal which is more than superior to the district courts and Supreme Court which is the highest federal court. Miller & Gaines (2012) cited that, the federal district courts are make up of 92 districts with at least one bench in each of the available 50 states, one each in the Columbia District and Puerto Rico. There are judges in each of the districts ranging from 1 to 20 judges. District court judges are appointed by t he president recommended by the members of the senate and confirmed by the senate. District federal courts are charged with the responsibility of solving cases like violations of the temperament and other federal laws, cases that directly involve the federal government, maritime disputes, foreign government cases, and cases involving citizens from foreign countries or of two different states (Miller & Gaines, 2012). The court of appeal system consists of 11 judicial circuits in the 50 states and one in the Columbia District. ... and is the only federal court that is mandated by the constitution to give a concluding jurisdiction on all the cases that come before it. It consists of one Chief Justice and 8 partner Justices. In addition, it has jurisdiction on cases that involve two or more U.S. states and high ranking diplomatic staff. Judges in the three main federal courts serve for life (Miller & Gaines, 2012). The federal judiciary overly watches over a group of courts that h andle specialized and specific cases. For example, the Court of Federal Claims that looks into cases of monetary claims alleged against the U.S. government. There are also the Courts- Martial that handles cases that involve the military personnel under the Military rectitude and the Tax Court (Miller & Gaines, 2012). State court systems are diverse having a hierarchically organized system that encompasses general and specialized courts. It comprises of inferior courts like the magistrates court, justice of peace court, municipal court, traffic court, municipal court, police court and the county court which handle minor criminal and civil cases in mostly an informal look (Miller & Gaines, 2012). Serious and superior cases are heard in the state district court mostly cognize as the superior court. Superior courts hear appeals from minor courts and are organized by counties they provoke jurisdiction over major civil suits and serious crimes like grand larceny. Large cities like N ew York have appellate courts between the superior courts and the states highest courts. Courts with special purposes under the state courts include probate court, family court, divorce courts, teenaged courts, small claims courts and housing courts. Judges in these courts may be elected or appointed. When appointed, the judges