Filter, Power Divider

muster in 1.? Introduction 2.? literary works revaluation contagion Lines (Microstrip Line/ CPW/ SIW) resonant lick, leach, Power segmentation 3. SIW resonant circuit casts equation of transmittal Line functioning frame, proceeds and banter of SIW resonators 4.? SIW filter out and Power sectionalization traffic patterns Design, Result and reciprocation of SIW Filter and Power rail-splitter 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 1 Outline 1.? Introduction 2.? Literature Review Transmission Lines (Microstrip Line/ CPW/ SIW) resonating chamber, Filter, Power Divider 3. SIW Resonator Designs proportion of Transmission Line surgical process Design, Result and intervention of SIW Resonators 4.? SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs Design, Result and parole of SIW Filter and Power Divider 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 2 1. Introduction ? Background O As bit of the rapid development in wireless communication market, various devices need to integrate wireles s standards.Demand on wireless devices to support these multi-standard operations with 2 Low debut outrage sharp selectivity Proper compact size of it of it Low cost O Band-pass filters primarily utilise in wireless transmitters and receivers imit the bandwidth of the output token to the minimum necessary to begin data at the desired speed and in the desired form also used in bio-photonic, medical analytical, chemical, pharmaceutical bea etc O Power dividers supine microwave components used for occasion division Divide input signal into two signals of lesser antecedent. The coupler whitethorn be a three port component with or without divergence usu anyy of the equal-division type, which is 3dB, but unequal power division ratio is also possible 4 3 1. Introduction ? Motivation O Why 60 gigacycle per second commencement ceremony published by Indian physicist J. C. Bose 1895 In 1947, US physicist J.H. Van Vleck observed that the oxygen molecule absorbs electr omagnetic more nil at 60- gigacycle per second than at other frequencies 6 Mainly driven by military and set applications 1960s to 1980s 7 From mid-1990s, interest in fixed broadband wireless access for last air mile connectivity advanced 60- gigacycle radio technology 8 O Why SIW filter and power divider Conventional technologies either not able to present required performance or too expensive SIW as an good-natured technology for low cost, high Q-factor, relatively high power, and high density integration of microwave and millimeter-wave components and sub-systems 10-12. SIW filters read a low in-band insertion passing play and a wide stopband performance. SIW power dividers not only accomplish the handsome size but also realize transmitting a defined amount of the electromagnetic to another two ports.4 1. Introduction ? Objective O Study literature review of grammatical constructions, applications and analyzing systems of SIW O check over the basic structure of different transmission lines by designing resonators O Extend the synthesis method to design of SIW filter and power divider ? ? Design and discuss SIW Filter at 60GHz with bandwidth 3 GHz Design and discuss SIW Power divider at 60GHz with 3 GHz Outline 1.? Introduction 2.? Literature Review Transmission Lines (Microstrip Line/ CPW/ SIW) Resonator, Filter, Power Divider 3. SIW Resonator Designs semblance of Transmission Line Performance Design, Result and password of SIW Resonators 4.? SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Filter and Power Divider 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 6 2. Literature Review ? Transmission Line O A device knowing to carry electric energy from one to another, is used to transfer the output radio frequency energy of a transmitter to a receiver 15. ? Microstrip Line OOne of the most popular types of the electrical TLs O convey microwave-frequency signals O support a good quasi-TEM wave O In practical applications, the dielectric substrate is electrically very thin, which is much smaller than the wavelength 7 2. Literature Review ? Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) O Characteristic dimensions of a CPW are the central strip width W and the width of the slots s. GCPW is organise when a ground plane is provided on the opposite side of the dielectric. O CPW is easy to be integrated in the IC design. O Conventional Technologies ? ? CPW GCPW ? Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Mircostrip/CPW/GCPW small size but not efficient enough in high frequency applications, wavelength at high frequencies are small Retangular wave guide high Q-factors and power capability but voluminous and difficult for highdensity integration and difficult manufacturing process O SIW is a transition between microstrip and dielectric-filled waveguide.Dielectric filled waveguide is converted to SIW by the help of vias for the side walls of the waveguide 2 ? high Q-factor, low insertion loss, and high power capability 8 . Litera ture Review ? Resonator O A device exhibits behavior of oscillating at some frequencies, called its resonant frequencies, with greater amplitude than at others. ? ? It is used to either generate waves of specific frequencies or select specific frequencies from a signal 4.Resonant frequencies O Quality- or Q-factor is defined as a dimensionless parameter, in terms of the ratio of the energy stored in the resonator to the energy supplied by a generator per cycle, describing how under-damped a resonator is 4. ? The unloaded Q-factor (Qu) 21 2. Literature Review ? Filter O Band-pass filter is a device that passes frequencies indoors a certain range and attenuates frequencies distant that range 4. O SIW is constructed with linear arrays of metalized via-holes rooted in the same substrate used for the planar circuit 13. SIWs, combines the merits of all these structures, microstrip line or coplanar waveguide, and rectangular waveguide, are built onto the same substrate. The transition is formed with a comparable straightforward stoneing geometry between both structures. ? Power Divider OPower divider, a passive device used in the field of radio technology, couples a defined amount of the electromagnetic power in a transmission line to another port 27. O SIW power divider, with optimum frequency selectivity, small size, low cost and high stopband attenuation, have been used for mobile and satellite communications systems. T-junction Y-junction 10 Outline 1.? Introduction 2.? Literature Review Transmission Lines (Microstrip Line/ CPW/ SIW) Resonator, Filter, Power Divider 3. SIW Resonator Designs Comparison of Transmission Line Performance Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Resonators 4.?SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Filter and Power Divider 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 11 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Comparison of Transmission Line Performance Microstrip Line CPW SIW 12 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Comparison of Transmission Line Performance Characteristic Bandwidth Q factor disadvantage Power capacity Physical size Ease of fabrication Integration with other component represent Waveguide specialize gamey Low1 High Large, heavy Hard Hard4 High Microstrip Wide Low High Low Small Easy2 Easy5 Low CPW Wide Low High Low Small Fair3 Easy6 Low SIW Narrow High Low High Small Fair Easy LowAnnotation 4 ? Dielectric of waveguide is air kowtow effect of waveguide is small ? Microstrip quite a little use printed circuit board technology ? Ground of CPW locates at the top, the discontinuity will affect the result. However, compared to SIW, wire holes are not needed. ? Special couplings at the joints are required for waveguide to assure proper operation ? Microstrip is susceptible to cross-talk and unintentional radiation ? CPW presents greater isolation than microstrip 13 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Design of SIW Resonators Substrate dielectric constant (? r) is fixed at 11. Silicon Copper conduc tion of 5. 800107 atomic number 16/m O Design Strategy of Single-row Via SIW Resonator For a resonant frequency of 60 GHz for the TE101 dominant mode by simply indexing m =1, n = 0, l = 1 18 The counting result is L = W = 1. 025mm. 14 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Design of SIW Resonators O Result and Discussion of Single-row Via SIW Resonator Ideal material Lossless substrate and perfect theatre director The loss tangent of AGC and the bulk conductivity of Silicon are both set to be zero. Moreover, perfect conductor layers are put at most top and bottom of the structure.Similarly, the material of metallic vias is defined as perfect conductor as well. By exploitation as as illustrated earlier, the result is calculated In this ideal case, and involved. Based on the formula, are not radiation Q-factor is 492. 23 15 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Design of SIW Resonators O Result and Discussion of Single-row Via SIW Resonator Non-ideal material Only with conductor loss For substrate, die lectric loss tangent of AGC and bulk conductivity of Silicon are set to be zero. The copper layers with bulk conductivity of 5. *107 sulphur/m are placed at most top and bottom of the structure. Moreover, the material of via is changed to copper as well. By using calculated as as illustrated earlier, the result is In this case, is not involved. Based on the formulas, we can disembowel 16 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Design of SIW Resonators O Result and Discussion of Single-row Via SIW Resonator Non-ideal material Lossy substrate and non-perfect conductor set the loss tangent of AGC is fixed at 0. 003 and bulk conductivity of Silicon is 0. 02, which path all the loss of substrate is considered in this experiment.Meanwhile, the copper is defined as the material of layers, which are placed at most top and bottom of the structure and via defenses through the substrate. In this experiment, all losses, including radiation loss, non-ideal metal loss and substrate loss are considered her e. By using , we have 17 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Design of SIW Resonators Substrate dielectric constant (? r) is fixed at 11. 9 Silicon Copper conductivity of 5. 800107 siemens/m O Design Strategy of Double-row Via SIW Resonator For a resonant frequency of 60 GHz for the TE101 dominant mode by simply indexing m =1, n = 0, l = 1 18The figuring result is L = W = 1. 025mm. 18 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Design of SIW Resonators O Result and Discussion of Double-row Via SIW Resonator Ideal material Lossless substrate and perfect conductor The loss tangent of AGC and the bulk conductivity of Silicon are both set to be zero. Moreover, perfect conductor layers are placed at most top and bottom of the structure. Similarly, the material of metallic vias is defined as perfect conductor as well. By using calculated as as illustrated earlier, the result is In this ideal case, and involved. Based on the formula, are not radiation Q-factor equals to 641. 6 19 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Desig n of SIW Resonators O Result and Discussion of Double-row Via SIW Resonator Non-ideal material Only with conductor loss For substrate, dielectric loss tangent of AGC and bulk conductivity of Silicon are set to be zero. The copper layers with bulk conductivity of 5. 8*107 siemens/m are placed at most top and bottom of the structure. Moreover, the material of via is changed to copper as well. By using calculated as as illustrated earlier, the result is In this case, is not involved. Based on the formulas, we can get 20 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Design of SIW Resonators OResult and Discussion of Double-row Via SIW Resonator Non-ideal material Lossy substrate and non-perfect conductor set the loss tangent of AGC is fixed at 0. 003 and bulk conductivity of Silicon is 0. 02, which means all the loss of substrate is considered in this experiment. Meanwhile, the copper is defined as the material of layers, which are placed at most top and bottom of the structure and via defenses through th e substrate. In this experiment, all losses, including radiation loss, non-ideal metal loss and substrate loss are considered here. By using , we have 21 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Design of SIW ResonatorsO Comparison of Single-/Double-row Via Resonator Double-row via structure obviously decreases the loss compared to single-row via. The main difference of Q-factors is the radiation Q-factor, which means the radiation loss is the most affection of the SIW. Conductor and dielectric Q-factor are only slightly changed with the error around 3. 5% from the single- to double-row SIW. Hence, the conductor loss and dielectric loss basically are not significant issue for the losses of the SIW comparing with the radiation loss because of the leakage through the gaps since the presence of gaps in the side walls.These results also match that higher Q-factor indicates a lower rate of energy loss relative to the stored energy, which demonstrates the validity of the experiments and the results. 22 Outline 1.? Introduction 2.? Literature Review Transmission Lines (Microstrip Line/ CPW/ SIW) Resonator, Filter, Power Divider 3. SIW Resonator Designs Comparison of Transmission Line Performance Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Resonators 4.? SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Filter and Power Divider 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 23 4. SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs ?Design of SIW Filters O Design strategy of SIW filter The proposed filter is constructed ground on the SIW resonator at 60 GHz. The filter is knowing and simulated using HFSS software. ? ? ? To strike a -3 dB bandwidth of 3 GHz. To achieve a good passband with small insertion loss 15 dB Here in filter structure, length doubles the size which is 2. 250mm and width w remains the same 1. 025mm. 24 4. SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs ? Design of SIW Filters O Result and Discussion of SIW filter When increasing the distance between the middle of the vias, t he two resonant poles are separated to each other more. 25 4.SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs ? Design of SIW Filters O Result and Discussion of SIW filter ? ? ? ? Center frequency = 62. 9 GHz. Bandwidth = 3. 4 GHz (60. 8 64. 2 GHz). unveiling loss = 0. 89 dB within the passband. Return loss = 17. 8 dB within the passband. ? strike a wide and deep upper-stopband with an insertion loss >15. 0dB. 26 4. SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs ? Design of SIW Power Dividers O Design strategy of SIW power dividers The proposed filter is constructed based on the SIW resonator at 60 GHz. The filter is designed and simulated using HFSS software. ? ? ? To achieve a -3 dB bandwidth of 3 GHz.To achieve a good passband with small insertion loss around 3 dB To achieve a wide and deep upper-stopband with an insertion loss >15 dB The proposed Y-junction power divider is a SIW similar of a bifurcated waveguide junction fed by a symmetrical step junction. The distance between two discontinu es can be optimized to achieve low insertion loss 28. 27 4. SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs ? Design of SIW Power Dividers O Result and Discussion of SIW power dividers ? ? ? ? Center frequency = 62. 5 GHz. Bandwidth = 3. 7 GHz (60. 5 64. 2 GHz). Insertion loss = 3. 87 dB within the passband. Return loss = 10. 5 dB within the passband. ? Achieve a wide and deep upper-stopband with an insertion loss >15. 0dB. 28 Outline 1.? Introduction 2.? Literature Review Transmission Lines (Microstrip Line/ CPW/ SIW) Resonator, Filter, Power Divider 3. SIW Resonator Designs Comparison of Transmission Line Performance Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Resonators 4.? SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Filter and Power Divider 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 29 4. Conclusion and proximo working ? Conclusion O SIW single- and double-row resonators have been designed and compared.The results matched that higher Q-factor indicates a lower rate of energy loss relative to the stored energy, which demonstrates the validity of the experiments and the results. O W band SIW filter has been designed, evaluated and optimized by HFSS software. The centre frequency of the proposed filter is designed at 62. 9 GHz with a 3 dB bandwidth of 3. 4 GHz (60. 864. 2 GHz). O W band SIW power divider has been realized based on the structure of the filter. The power divider is at centre frequency 62. 5 GHz with a 3 dB bandwidth of 3. 7 GHz from 60. 5 to 64. 2 GHz. 30 4. Conclusion and Future Works ?Recommendation for Future Works O The numerical analysis may be done for the proposed structures. O The structures can be fabricated and measured to demonstrate the practical realization of the structures. O The insertion loss the filter may be improved based on further modification. O It is possible to widen the bandwidth of the filter. O some other matching networks may be considered to realize better performance of the filter. O Small and effic ient filters may be designed based on the modification of the proposed structure. O Balun may be designed based on the proposed SIW power divider. 31 Thank You 32